Represents a multianswer question. More...

Inheritance diagram for qtype_multianswer_question:

Public Member Functions
	apply_attempt_state (question_attempt_step $step)
	When an in-progress question_attempt is re-loaded from the database, this method is called so that the question can re-initialise its internal state as needed by this attempt. More...

	check_file_access ($qa, $options, $component, $filearea, $args, $forcedownload)
	Checks whether the users is allow to be served a particular file. More...

	classify_response (array $response)
	Categorise the student's response according to the categories defined by get_possible_responses. More...

	clear_wrong_from_response (array $response)
	Given a response, rest the parts that are wrong. More...

	compute_final_grade ($responses, $totaltries)
	Work out a final grade for this attempt, taking into account all the tries the student made. More...

	format_generalfeedback ($qa)

	format_hint (question_hint $hint, question_attempt $qa)

	format_questiontext ($qa)

	format_text ($text, $format, $qa, $component, $filearea, $itemid, $clean=false)
	Apply format_text() to some content with appropriate settings for this question. More...

	get_correct_response ()
	What data would need to be submitted to get this question correct. More...

	get_expected_data ()
	What data may be included in the form submission when a student submits this question in its current state? More...

	get_hint ($hintnumber, question_attempt $qa)
	Get one of the question hints. More...

	get_max_fraction ()
	Some questions can return a mark greater than the maximum. More...

	get_min_fraction ()
	Some questions can return a negative mark if the student gets it wrong. More...

	get_num_parts_right (array $response)
	Return the number of subparts of this response that are right. More...

	get_num_variants ()

	get_question_summary ()
	Generate a brief, plain-text, summary of this question. More...

	get_renderer (moodle_page $page)

	get_right_answer_summary ()
	Generate a brief, plain-text, summary of the correct answer to this question. More...

	get_student_response_values_for_simulation ($postdata)
	Does the opposite of prepare_simulated_post_data. More...

	get_type_name ()

	get_validation_error (array $response)
	In situations where is_gradable_response() returns false, this method should generate a description of what the problem is. More...

	get_variants_selection_seed ()

	grade_response (array $response)
	Grade a response to the question, returning a fraction between get_min_fraction() and get_max_fraction(), and the corresponding question_state right, partial or wrong. More...

	html_to_text ($text, $format)
	Convert some part of the question text to plain text. More...

	is_complete_response (array $response)
	Used by many of the behaviours, to work out whether the student's response to the question is complete. More...

	is_gradable_response (array $response)
	Use by many of the behaviours to determine whether the student has provided enough of an answer for the question to be graded automatically, or whether it must be considered aborted. More...

	is_same_response (array $prevresponse, array $newresponse)
	Use by many of the behaviours to determine whether the student's response has changed. More...

	make_behaviour (question_attempt $qa, $preferredbehaviour)
	Creat the appropriate behaviour for an attempt at this quetsion, given the desired (archetypal) behaviour. More...

	make_html_inline ($html)
	Take some HTML that should probably already be a single line, like a multiple choice choice, or the corresponding feedback, and make it so that it is suitable to go in a place where the HTML must be inline, like inside a. More...

	prepare_simulated_post_data ($simulatedresponse)
	Takes an array of values representing a student response represented in a way that is understandable by a human and transforms that to the response as the POST values returned from the HTML form that takes the student response during a student attempt. More...

	start_attempt (question_attempt_step $step, $variant)
	Start a new attempt at this question, storing any information that will be needed later in the step. More...

	summarise_response (array $response)
	Produce a plain text summary of a response. More...

	un_summarise_response (string $summary)
	If possible, construct a response that could have lead to the given response summary. More...

Public Attributes
integer	$category
	question category id.

integer	$contextid
	question context id.

integer	$createdby
	userid of the use who created this question.

number	$defaultmark = 1
	what this quetsion is marked out of, by default.

string	$generalfeedback
	question general feedback.

integer	$generalfeedbackformat
	question test format.

boolean	$hidden = 0
	whethre this question has been deleted/hidden in the question bank.

array	$hints = array()
	of question_hints.

integer	$id
	id of the question in the datase, or null if this question is not in the database.

string	$idnumber
	question idnumber.

integer	$length = 1
	How many question numbers this question consumes.

integer	$modifiedby
	userid of the use who modified this question.

string	$name
	question name.

integer	$parent = 0
	parent question id.

number	$penalty = 0
	penalty factor of this question.

array	$places
	place number => insex in the $subquestions array. More...

question_type	$qtype
	the question type this question is.

string	$questiontext
	question text.

integer	$questiontextformat
	question test format.

Some	$shownumcorrect = false
	question types have the option to show the number of sub-parts correct.

string	$stamp
	unique identifier of this question.

array	$subquestions = array()
	of question_graded_automatically.

array	$textfragments
	of strings, one longer than $places, which is achieved by indexing from 0. More...

integer	$timecreated
	timestamp when this question was created.

integer	$timemodified
	timestamp when this question was modified.

string	$version
	unique identifier of this version of this question.

Protected Member Functions
	check_combined_feedback_file_access ($qa, $options, $filearea, $args=null)
	Check a request for access to a file belonging to a combined feedback field. More...

	check_hint_file_access ($qa, $options, $args)
	Check a request for access to a file belonging to a hint. More...

	combine_states ($overallstate, $newstate)
	Used by grade_response to combine the states of the subquestions. More...

	get_substep ($step, $i)
	Get a question_attempt_step_subquestion_adapter. More...

Detailed Description

Represents a multianswer question.

A multi-answer question is made of of several subquestions of various types. You can think of it as an application of the composite pattern to qusetion types.

Copyright: 2010 Pierre Pichet

License: http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later

Member Function Documentation

◆ apply_attempt_state()

qtype_multianswer_question::apply_attempt_state ( question_attempt_step $step )

When an in-progress question_attempt is re-loaded from the database, this method is called so that the question can re-initialise its internal state as needed by this attempt.

For example, the multiple choice question type needs to set the order of the choices to the order that was set up when start_attempt was called originally. All the information required to do this should be in the $step object, which is the first step of the question_attempt being loaded.

Parameters

question_attempt_step The first step of the question_attempt being loaded.

Reimplemented from question_definition.

◆ check_combined_feedback_file_access()

question_graded_automatically::check_combined_feedback_file_access	(	$qa,
		$options,
		$filearea,
		$args = `null`
	)

protectedinherited

Check a request for access to a file belonging to a combined feedback field.

Parameters

question_attempt	$qa	the question attempt being displayed.
question_display_options	$options	the options that control display of the question.
string	$filearea	the name of the file area.
array	$args	the remaining bits of the file path.

Return values

bool	whether access to the file should be allowed.

◆ check_file_access()

qtype_multianswer_question::check_file_access	(	$qa,
		$options,
		$component,
		$filearea,
		$args,
		$forcedownload
	)

Checks whether the users is allow to be served a particular file.

Parameters

question_attempt	$qa	the question attempt being displayed.
question_display_options	$options	the options that control display of the question.
string	$component	the name of the component we are serving files for.
string	$filearea	the name of the file area.
array	$args	the remaining bits of the file path.
bool	$forcedownload	whether the user must be forced to download the file.

Return values

bool	true if the user can access this file.

Reimplemented from question_definition.

◆ check_hint_file_access()

question_graded_automatically::check_hint_file_access	(	$qa,
		$options,
		$args
	)

protectedinherited

Check a request for access to a file belonging to a hint.

Parameters

question_attempt	$qa	the question attempt being displayed.
question_display_options	$options	the options that control display of the question.
array	$args	the remaining bits of the file path.

Return values

bool	whether access to the file should be allowed.

◆ classify_response()

question_with_responses::classify_response ( array $response )

inherited

Categorise the student's response according to the categories defined by get_possible_responses.

Parameters

$response a response, as might be passed to }. * array subpartid => question_classified_response objects. returns an empty array if no analysis is possible.

Implements question_manually_gradable.

Reimplemented in qtype_truefalse_question, question_graded_by_strategy, qtype_numerical_question, qtype_multichoice_multi_question, qtype_multichoice_single_question, qtype_match_question, qtype_gapselect_question_base, qtype_ddmarker_question, and qtype_ddtoimage_question_base.

◆ clear_wrong_from_response()

qtype_multianswer_question::clear_wrong_from_response ( array $response )

Given a response, rest the parts that are wrong.

Parameters

array $response a response

Return values

array a cleaned up response with the wrong bits reset.

Reimplemented from question_definition.

◆ combine_states()

qtype_multianswer_question::combine_states	(	$overallstate,
		$newstate
	)

protected

Used by grade_response to combine the states of the subquestions.

The combined state is accumulates in $overallstate. That will be right if all the separate states are right; and wrong if all the separate states are wrong, otherwise, it will be partially right.

Parameters

question_state	$overallstate	the result so far.
question_state	$newstate	the new state to add to the combination.

Return values

question_state the new combined state.

◆ compute_final_grade()

qtype_multianswer_question::compute_final_grade	(	$responses,
		$totaltries
	)

Work out a final grade for this attempt, taking into account all the tries the student made.

Parameters

array	$responses	the response for each try. Each element of this array is a response array, as would be passed to grade_response(). There may be between 1 and $totaltries responses.
int	$totaltries	The maximum number of tries allowed.

Return values

numeric the fraction that should be awarded for this sequence of response.

Implements question_automatically_gradable_with_countback.

◆ format_generalfeedback()

question_definition::format_generalfeedback ( $qa )

inherited

Return values

the	result of applying format_text() to the general feedback.

◆ format_questiontext()

question_definition::format_questiontext ( $qa )

inherited

Return values

the	result of applying format_text() to the question text.

◆ format_text()

question_definition::format_text	(	$text,
		$format,
		$qa,
		$component,
		$filearea,
		$itemid,
		$clean = `false`
	)

inherited

Apply format_text() to some content with appropriate settings for this question.

Parameters

string	$text	some content that needs to be output.
int	$format	the FORMAT_... constant.
question_attempt	$qa	the question attempt.
string	$component	used for rewriting file area URLs.
string	$filearea	used for rewriting file area URLs.
bool	$clean	Whether the HTML needs to be cleaned. Generally, parts of the question do not need to be cleaned, and student input does.

Return values

string the text formatted for output by format_text.

◆ get_correct_response()

qtype_multianswer_question::get_correct_response ( )

What data would need to be submitted to get this question correct.

If there is more than one correct answer, this method should just return one possibility. If it is not possible to compute a correct response, this method should return null.

Return values

array|null parameter name => value.

Reimplemented from question_definition.

◆ get_expected_data()

qtype_multianswer_question::get_expected_data ( )

What data may be included in the form submission when a student submits this question in its current state?

This information is used in calls to optional_param. The parameter name has question_attempt::get_field_prefix() automatically prepended.

Return values

array|string variable name => PARAM_... constant, or, as a special case that should only be used in unavoidable, the constant question_attempt::USE_RAW_DATA meaning take all the raw submitted data belonging to this question.

Reimplemented from question_definition.

◆ get_hint()

question_graded_automatically::get_hint	(		$hintnumber,
		question_attempt	$qa
	)

inherited

Get one of the question hints.

The question_attempt is passed in case the question type wants to do something complex. For example, the multiple choice with multiple responses question type will turn off most of the hint options if the student has selected too many opitions.

Parameters

int	$hintnumber	Which hint to display. Indexed starting from 0
question_attempt	$qa	The question_attempt.

Implements question_automatically_gradable.

Reimplemented in qtype_multichoice_multi_question.

◆ get_max_fraction()

qtype_multianswer_question::get_max_fraction ( )

Some questions can return a mark greater than the maximum.

This method returns the lowest highest the question can return, on the fraction scale. that is, where the nominal maximum mark is 1.0.

Return values

float maximum fraction this question will ever return.

Reimplemented from question_definition.

◆ get_min_fraction()

qtype_multianswer_question::get_min_fraction ( )

Some questions can return a negative mark if the student gets it wrong.

This method returns the lowest mark the question can return, on the fraction scale. that is, where the maximum possible mark is 1.0.

Return values

float minimum fraction this question will ever return.

Reimplemented from question_definition.

◆ get_num_parts_right()

qtype_multianswer_question::get_num_parts_right ( array $response )

Return the number of subparts of this response that are right.

Parameters

array $response a response

Return values

array with two elements, the number of correct subparts, and the total number of subparts.

Reimplemented from question_definition.

◆ get_num_variants()

question_definition::get_num_variants ( )

inherited

Return values

int	the number of vaiants that this question has.

Reimplemented in qtype_calculatedmulti_multi_question, qtype_calculatedmulti_single_question, and qtype_calculated_question.

◆ get_question_summary()

qtype_multianswer_question::get_question_summary ( )

Generate a brief, plain-text, summary of this question.

This is used by various reports. This should show the particular variant of the question as presented to students. For example, the calculated quetsion type would fill in the particular numbers that were presented to the student. This method will return null if such a summary is not possible, or inappropriate.

Return values

string|null a plain text summary of this question.

Reimplemented from question_definition.

◆ get_renderer()

question_definition::get_renderer ( moodle_page $page )

inherited

Parameters

moodle_page the page we are outputting to.

Return values

qtype_renderer the renderer to use for outputting this question.

Reimplemented in qtype_multichoice_multi_question, and qtype_multichoice_single_question.

◆ get_right_answer_summary()

question_graded_automatically::get_right_answer_summary ( )

inherited

Generate a brief, plain-text, summary of the correct answer to this question.

This is used by various reports, and can also be useful when testing. This method will return null if such a summary is not possible, or inappropriate.

Return values

string|null a plain text summary of the right answer to this question.

Implements question_automatically_gradable.

Reimplemented in qtype_ddmarker_question.

◆ get_student_response_values_for_simulation()

qtype_multianswer_question::get_student_response_values_for_simulation ( $realresponse )

Does the opposite of prepare_simulated_post_data.

This takes a student response (the POST values returned from the HTML form that takes the student response during a student attempt) it then represents it in a way that is understandable by a human.

Primarily this is used when creating a file of csv from real student responses in order later to be able to simulate the same student interaction with a quiz later.

Parameters

string[] $realresponse the response array as was returned from the form during a student attempt (without prefixes).

Return values

string[] an array of data representing a student response.

Reimplemented from question_definition.

◆ get_substep()

qtype_multianswer_question::get_substep	(	$step,
		$i
	)

protected

Get a question_attempt_step_subquestion_adapter.

Parameters

question_attempt_step	$step	the step to adapt.
int	$i	the subquestion index.

Return values

question_attempt_step_subquestion_adapter.

◆ get_type_name()

question_definition::get_type_name ( )

inherited

Return values

the	name of the question type (for example multichoice) that this question is.

◆ get_validation_error()

qtype_multianswer_question::get_validation_error ( array $response )

In situations where is_gradable_response() returns false, this method should generate a description of what the problem is.

Return values

string the message.

Implements question_automatically_gradable.

◆ get_variants_selection_seed()

question_definition::get_variants_selection_seed ( )

inherited

Return values

string that can be used to seed the pseudo-random selection of a variant.

Reimplemented in qtype_calculatedmulti_multi_question, qtype_calculatedmulti_single_question, and qtype_calculated_question.

◆ grade_response()

qtype_multianswer_question::grade_response ( array $response )

Grade a response to the question, returning a fraction between get_min_fraction() and get_max_fraction(), and the corresponding question_state right, partial or wrong.

Parameters

array $response responses, as returned by question_attempt_step::get_qt_data().

Return values

array (float, integer) the fraction, and the state.

Implements question_automatically_gradable.

◆ html_to_text()

question_definition::html_to_text	(	$text,
		$format
	)

inherited

Convert some part of the question text to plain text.

This might be used, for example, by get_response_summary().

Parameters

string	$text	The HTML to reduce to plain text.
int	$format	the FORMAT_... constant.

Return values

string the equivalent plain text.

◆ is_complete_response()

qtype_multianswer_question::is_complete_response ( array $response )

Used by many of the behaviours, to work out whether the student's response to the question is complete.

That is, whether the question attempt should move to the COMPLETE or INCOMPLETE state.

Parameters

array $response responses, as returned by question_attempt_step::get_qt_data().

Return values

bool	whether this response is a complete answer to this question.

Implements question_manually_gradable.

◆ is_gradable_response()

qtype_multianswer_question::is_gradable_response ( array $response )

Use by many of the behaviours to determine whether the student has provided enough of an answer for the question to be graded automatically, or whether it must be considered aborted.

Parameters

array $response responses, as returned by question_attempt_step::get_qt_data().

Return values

bool	whether this response can be graded.

Reimplemented from question_with_responses.

◆ is_same_response()

qtype_multianswer_question::is_same_response	(	array	$prevresponse,
		array	$newresponse
	)

Use by many of the behaviours to determine whether the student's response has changed.

This is normally used to determine that a new set of responses can safely be discarded.

Parameters

array	$prevresponse	the responses previously recorded for this question, as returned by question_attempt_step::get_qt_data()
array	$newresponse	the new responses, in the same format.

Return values

bool	whether the two sets of responses are the same - that is whether the new set of responses can safely be discarded.

Implements question_manually_gradable.

◆ make_behaviour()

question_graded_automatically_with_countback::make_behaviour	(	question_attempt	$qa,
			$preferredbehaviour
	)

inherited

Creat the appropriate behaviour for an attempt at this quetsion, given the desired (archetypal) behaviour.

This default implementation will suit most normal graded questions.

If your question is of a patricular type, then it may need to do something different. For example, if your question can only be graded manually, then it should probably return a manualgraded behaviour, irrespective of what is asked for.

If your question wants to do somthing especially complicated is some situations, then you may wish to return a particular behaviour related to the one asked for. For example, you migth want to return a qbehaviour_interactive_adapted_for_myqtype.

Parameters

question_attempt	$qa	the attempt we are creating a behaviour for.
string	$preferredbehaviour	the requested type of behaviour.

Return values

question_behaviour the new behaviour object.

Reimplemented from question_definition.

◆ make_html_inline()

question_definition::make_html_inline ( $html )

inherited

Take some HTML that should probably already be a single line, like a multiple choice choice, or the corresponding feedback, and make it so that it is suitable to go in a place where the HTML must be inline, like inside a.

tag.

Parameters

string $html to HTML to fix up.

Return values

string the fixed HTML.

◆ prepare_simulated_post_data()

qtype_multianswer_question::prepare_simulated_post_data ( $simulatedresponse )

Takes an array of values representing a student response represented in a way that is understandable by a human and transforms that to the response as the POST values returned from the HTML form that takes the student response during a student attempt.

Primarily this is used when reading csv values from a file of student responses in order to be able to simulate the student interaction with a quiz.

In most cases the array will just be returned as is. Some question types will need to transform the keys of the array, as the meaning of the keys in the html form is deliberately obfuscated so that someone looking at the html does not get an advantage. The values that represent the response might also be changed in order to more meaningful to a human.

See the examples of question types that have overridden this in core and also see the csv files of simulated student responses used in unit tests in :

mod/quiz/tests/fixtures/stepsXX.csv
mod/quiz/report/responses/tests/fixtures/steps00.csv
mod/quiz/report/statistics/tests/fixtures/stepsXX.csv

Also see https://github.com/jamiepratt/moodle-quiz_simulate, a quiz report plug in for uploading and downloading student responses as csv files.

Parameters

array $simulatedresponse an array of data representing a student response

Return values

array a response array as would be returned from the html form (but without prefixes)

Reimplemented from question_definition.

◆ start_attempt()

qtype_multianswer_question::start_attempt	(	question_attempt_step	$step,
			$variant
	)

Start a new attempt at this question, storing any information that will be needed later in the step.

This is where the question can do any initialisation required on a per-attempt basis. For example, this is where the multiple choice question type randomly shuffles the choices (if that option is set).

Any information about how the question has been set up for this attempt should be stored in the $step, by calling $step->set_qt_var(...).

Parameters

	question_attempt_step	The first step of the question_attempt being started. Can be used to store state.
int	$varant	which variant of this question to start. Will be between 1 and get_num_variants() inclusive.

Reimplemented from question_definition.

◆ summarise_response()

qtype_multianswer_question::summarise_response ( array $response )

Produce a plain text summary of a response.

Parameters

array $response a response, as might be passed to grade_response().

Return values

string a plain text summary of that response, that could be used in reports.

Implements question_manually_gradable.

◆ un_summarise_response()

question_with_responses::un_summarise_response ( string $summary )

inherited

If possible, construct a response that could have lead to the given response summary.

This is basically the opposite of summarise_response() but it is intended only to be used for testing.

Parameters

string $summary a string, which might have come from summarise_response

Return values

array a response that could have lead to that.

Implements question_manually_gradable.

Reimplemented in qtype_truefalse_question, qtype_shortanswer_question, qtype_numerical_question, and qtype_essay_question.

Member Data Documentation

◆ $places

array qtype_multianswer_question::$places

place number => insex in the $subquestions array.

Places are numbered from 1.

◆ $textfragments

array qtype_multianswer_question::$textfragments

of strings, one longer than $places, which is achieved by indexing from 0.

The bits of question text that go between the subquestions.

The documentation for this class was generated from the following file:

question/type/multianswer/question.php

Public Member Functions

Public Attributes

Protected Member Functions

Detailed Description

Member Function Documentation

◆ apply_attempt_state()

◆ check_combined_feedback_file_access()

◆ check_file_access()

◆ check_hint_file_access()

◆ classify_response()

◆ clear_wrong_from_response()

◆ combine_states()

◆ compute_final_grade()

◆ format_generalfeedback()

◆ format_questiontext()

◆ format_text()

◆ get_correct_response()

◆ get_expected_data()

◆ get_hint()

◆ get_max_fraction()

◆ get_min_fraction()

◆ get_num_parts_right()

◆ get_num_variants()

◆ get_question_summary()

◆ get_renderer()

◆ get_right_answer_summary()

◆ get_student_response_values_for_simulation()

◆ get_substep()

◆ get_type_name()

◆ get_validation_error()

◆ get_variants_selection_seed()

◆ grade_response()

◆ html_to_text()

◆ is_complete_response()

◆ is_gradable_response()

◆ is_same_response()

◆ make_behaviour()

◆ make_html_inline()

◆ prepare_simulated_post_data()

◆ start_attempt()

◆ summarise_response()

◆ un_summarise_response()

Member Data Documentation

◆ $places

◆ $textfragments